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Monday, 10 February 2014

The 5 Stages of Blocking a Scene

The 5 Stages of Blocking a Scene

Published on June 18, 2009
By Peter D. Marshall – When a first time Director steps on a set, blocking a scene can be one of the most frustrating and terrifying parts of their job.
If a director doesn’t understand the concept of blocking and staging, and they also don’t know how to speak the actor’s language, they could end up wasting valuable shooting time.
Every film shoot is divided into five parts:
1. Block – determining where the actors will be on the set and the first camera position
2. Light – time for the DOP to light the set and position the camera for the first shot
3. Rehearse – camera rehearsal of the first set-up with the actors and crew
4. Adjustments – making lighting and other adjustments
5. Shoot – shooting the first scene (then repeat the process)
Blocking a scene is simply “working out the details of an actor’s moves in relation to the camera.”
You can also think of blocking as the choreography of a dance or a ballet: all the elements on the set (actors, extras, vehicles, crew, equipment) should move in perfect harmony with each other.
Here are 5 important blocking tips:
1. Having a shot list will help you during the blocking process. The shot list is like a map: it gives you a path to your destination but you don’t always have to follow it
2. Let the actors show you what they want to do first, then, when you make a suggestion, it is based on something you have already seen
3. Where the camera is placed is determined primarily by what is important in the scene.
4. Blocking is like a puzzle: directors need to keep working at it until the whole scene works.
5. In Television and low budget films, speed is essential, story and block some scenes so that your action takes place in one direction (to avoid turning the camera around for reverses.)
For a more detailed explanation about blocking a scene, check out Filmmaking Article
Peter D. Marshall has worked in the Film and Television Industry for over 35 years. He also publishes the free monthly filmmaking ezine “The Director’s Chair. You can check out his website at: Action Cut Print and his film directing blog at Film Directing Tips
The 5 Stages of Blocking a Scene6.3 out of 10 based on 3 ratings
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Monday, 3 February 2014

STAGE ACTING

STAGE ACTING

FINDING YOUR LIGHT

Much like finding your mark in film, finding your light on stage is a tricky technique. Unlike film, where a mark is set up specifically for an actor, lighting in a stage production is set up more generally – to light the scene. It’s up to you to find your light. The easiest way to do this is by feeling the light on your face and in your eyes. Stage lights are set from above, so when you step into your spot, per your blocking, feel where the light shines on you. Ideally, you should feel the heat of the light on your face and if you were to look up, you’d see the light angled at around your forehead. Be careful of standing directly under a hot light, however, as you will get “washed out” by the light’s glare.
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HAVE A VOICE

A thespian’s voice is one of the most precious possessions s/he has. Here are a few ways to keep it safe and warmed up:
  • Only drink water that is room temperature or warm. Cold water will constrict your vocal cords.
  • Before a performance and between scenes, sip hot water with lemon.
  • Slippery elm lozenges are a great quick-fix for scratchy throats.
  • Support your voice by using your diaphragm, not your throat, to control your breath and vocal cords.
  • In between shows, keep your jaw loose. Bette Davis used to walk around her apartment with a wine cork held loosely between her upper and lower front teeth. Try it, it works!
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LEARN YOUR DIRECTIONS

Acting on stage requires the knowledge of a new kind of navigation. When you are on stage, directions are oriented to you as the actor. (Conversely, House Left (HL) and House Right (HR) refer to directions oriented to the audience.) In a script, you’ll see blocking that may read any of the following: SL, SR, DSL, DSR, USL, USD. Here’s what they mean:
SL: Stage Left – Your left when you are standing on stage.
SR: Stage Right – Your right on stage.
DSL: Downstage Left – Moving toward the audience, to your left.
DSR: Downstage Right – Moving toward audience to your right.
USL: Upstage Left – Moving to the back of the stage, left.
USR: Upstage Right – Moving to the back of the stage, right.
Downstage and Upstage refer to the old days of theater -- think Shakespeare -- when stages were "raked," or sloped. When you moved toward the audience you were literally moving in a downward direction and upward when you moved to the back of the stage.
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STAGE ACTING TERM: BLOCKING

Blocking is the term used to describe where and how an actor moves on the stage during a play. Most playwrights incorporate basic blocking into their scripts. Since stages come in different sizes and may have different special needs, the director will draft out his/her own blocking before rehearsals begin. Blocking includes elements such as where an actor takes his place at the beginning of a scene, “crossing,” when an actor moves across the length of the stage to another actor or part of the set, and any action that asks an actor to employ the use of a prop.
In musical theatre, blocking becomes especially important, particularly when choreography is introduced. It's imperative that every actor is in the right spot on stage before and after a musical number. Oftentimes, this positioning becomes a cue for the orchestra or for other actors' entrances.
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STAGE COMBAT

Stage combat, quite simply, is fighting on stage. Of course it is more complex than that. In order to stage a fight, actors must look convincingly as though they are fighting – whether hand-to-hand or with swords (generally rapiers or broadswords). Fight directors are hired to actually choreograph moves for any fight you see on stage or on screen. It’s a serious business; no one wants injuries! Once the actors learn their fight “dance,” it is up to them to bring the final element to the scene: the acting. It’s one thing to see an exciting wrestling match, punchfest, or duel, but the scene is raised to a higher level when the actors deliver the emotion of the moment with each blow.
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STAYING OPEN

Oftentimes, novice actors make the mistake of “closing” themselves off to the audience. In physical terms, this means you have positioned your body on a slight diagonal so that the side facing the audience is blocking the rest of your body. This is also calling “upstaging yourself,” as you have essentially shoved half of your body upstage, toward the back of the stage. Many young actors do this unconsciously, as a way to protect themselves from the very vulnerable position of being in front of an audience.
It’s important to remain open, both physically and emotionally when you are on stage. In terms of your body positioning, always angle your body out toward the audience if you’re not facing them outright. Any movements that require you to turn, always turn in the downstage direction. If you need to cross furniture, cross in front of it whenever possible. And as every actor knows, never leave your back turned to the audience. As many directors say, “They’re paying to see your face, not your behind.”
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THE SCOTTISH PLAY

One of the biggest faux pas any actor makes is to utter the name of one of Shakespeare's most incredible plays, "Macbeth" under the roof of any theater. It's an old superstition that has lasted many years, and it's one many young actors are not aware of.
The superstition goes back to several accounts of terrible things happening to actors and sets alike, from the first performance of "Macbeth," when Shakespeare himself had to play the role of Lady Macbeth since the boy who was to play her suddenly died. King James hated the show so much, he shut it down. Over the years, there have been tales of injuries, bad luck, and even death at performances.
In order to reverse the bad luck, the person who uttered the word must exit the theater, spin around three times saying a profanity, and then ask for permission to return inside. Other variations require spitting over your shoulders or simply spewing a lot of curse words. The best thing to do is not say the word at all. If you must refer to the play, call it “The Scottish Play.”
Don’t say you haven’t been warned.

RESUMES, HEADSHOTS + PORTFOLIOS

RESUMES, HEADSHOTS + PORTFOLIOS

BE HONEST!

Just like any other job resume, your acting resume should reflect your talents and highlight your skills. When putting together your acting resume, only include truthful information. While the industry is big, it isn't that big. People talk and network, so there’s a very good chance that someone with whom you have an audition knows someone who knows someone who you say you worked with – so it better be true! No one expects a young actor to have a stellar resume. A small, credible resume is much more effective than a large one padded with lies; eventually, you’re bound to get caught! It’s better to earn your credits the hard way. In the end it will pay off.
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THE RESUME RULES

Want to land an acting job? Follow these basic resume rules:
  1. Your resume should never be more than one page long.
  2. Never make the font on your resume smaller than 10pt. It is difficult to read in any situation, whether it's in a well-lit office or a darkened theater.
  3. Staple and trim your resume to fit the headshot, or even better, print it directly to the back of your headshot.
  4. Don't staple clippings or reviews to your resume; they will just get in the way.
  5. Make sure you put your email on your resume. The best, and easiest to remember, is your first and last name, whenever possible (i.e. janesmith@yourserver.com
  6. Put your education and special skills on your resume. Useful skills besides acting count, such as foreign languages, driver’s license and valid passport. Make sure that you can do what you say you can do – and do it well. You don’t want to promise you can ski if you won’t be able to make it down the Bunny Slope on set.
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SELECTING A HEADSHOT PHOTOGRAPHER

When selecting a photographer, use one who specializes in headshots. Portrait artists may be great to make you look nice for Mom and Dad’s album, but not to sell you as an actor. Research several different photographers, and ask your contacts in the industry for recommendations. Ask to see a portfolio of the photographer's work. Negotiate rates beforehand and get an agreement in writing before shooting begins.
Also find out if a make-up artist will be available to you. If so, pay the extra money and hire them. It’s well worth the cost to have someone making sure you look your best you during the entire shoot.
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THE HEADSHOT AND RESUME COMBINATION

Since you'll be handing your resume over with your headshot, you need to have the resume attached to the back of your photo. Many photo reproduction houses offer the service of printing your resume directly to the back of your photo. If this option is in your budget, take it. If not, neatly staple your resume to your photo. Be sure to staple each corner to the photo. Never use paper clips -- the last thing you want is for your photo and resume to be separated; one without the other is useless! And above all, make sure the resume size matches the photo! Nothing says amateur like a big 8 ½ x 11 resume flapping over the edges of your 8 x 10 photo.
Many reproduction houses also offer the option of your photo on disc. Be sure to take the option; it’s an important tool. Whether submitting yourself for student or independent films, or contacting agents and casting directors, you’ll need to be able to send your headshot electronically if that’s what they want. So be sure you can!
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TYPES OF HEADSHOTS

There are two basic types of headshots: commercial and theatrical.
Commercial: These should be attractive, warm, and open. Always smile for these shots, with teeth showing, if possible. (You never know if you’re going to be up for a toothpaste ad.)
Theatrical: These can be more “natural,” and should try to represent your characteristics as a person.
The general rule is to use your commercial shot for television and commercial work and your theatrical shot for theater and film. If you're in a showcase, you can use either, depending on which industry professionals may be there.
The format for headshots varies throughout the country – from close-ups to 3/4 shots, from bordered to borderless. Make sure you use the preferred format for your area. It’s often best to wait until you get there so you can find a photographer who knows the market. In other words, do your New York shots in New York and your L.A. shots in L.A.
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YOU AND YOUR HEADSHOT

Casting directors use headshots to get a feel for an actor's type. The headshot should show off  your best qualities. Don’t dress or use make-up that covers your true nature; let the shot be true to you. Most people need some retouching, but don’t go overboard. And by all means, get new headshots if your look changes drastically and/or after a few years have passed. Misrepresenting yourself will only lead to trouble later in auditions. Remember, headshots aren't glamour shots. The casting director is calling in the person he saw in the photo. Make sure the “you” in the shot is the “you” who walks through the door. Often you will be judged by your headshot even before you are called in to have an audition. Let your photo speak for you by being professional, compelling, approachable and, above all, you!
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SENDING YOUR HEADSHOT AND RESUME

If you’re sending your headshot and resume electronically, you will need to send separate attachments for the resume and the headshot.  Be sure the file with your headshot is small enough to attach to an email.
If you’re sending them by mail, enclose your headshot with resume attached in a regular 8 ½ x 11 manila envelope that is easy to open.
In either case, send a small note (or email) with your headshot saying who you are, why you’re writing and how you can be reached. Keep the note short, professional, friendly and to the point. If you have a connection to the person you’re contacting, be sure to mention it in the first sentence; you want them to keep reading!
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ABOUT PORTFOLIOS

No doubt you’ve noticed the title of this tip includes “portfolios”. You may have heard about “acting portfolios,” but the truth is there is no such thing. Portfolios are used by designers and models to show off a range of photos. So if you’re planning on doing some modeling, you’ll need one. But if you’re an actor, all you’ll need are a headshot, resume and a demo of your work, and you’re ready to go!

FILM ACTING

FILM ACTING

BACKGROUND ACTORS

A great way to enter the world of film acting is to work as an extra on film sets. (Although you won’t be called an “extra” on-set; instead, you will be referred to as “background.”) You can find calls for extras on the Internet as well as in publications like Backstage, Hollywood Reporter, and Variety. Background casting calls are also sent out by agencies that specialize in background casting. You can find these agencies listed in Ross Reports or online. Doing background work or taking a small role in a student film is another excellent way to cut your teeth. Any university with a film department will have postings announcing casting. When you get a background job, find out if you need to bring your own clothing/make-up. Also, be sure to arrive on time for your call and/or your pick-up location. Unless you are told otherwise, plan to stay on location all day. If you have any other appointments that day you should either reschedule them or do not take the background job. PAs (Production Assistants) will be your main contact for the day, and are not interested in hearing about anything else you have to do besides their film!
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EXTRA TIME

When you are doing background work, be prepared to do a lot of waiting. Some background talent may get booked for a day and end up spending 15 hours in “holding” usually a large hall or space that serves as a waiting room/dining hall/lounge/dressing room. Sometimes, background actors wait all day long and are never called to work. You’ll still get paid; don’t worry. Two important tips:
  1. Bring a book or knitting or something to do while you wait. Don’t sleep; if you get called, you’ll need to be up and energetic at a moment’s notice.
  2. When you are on-screen, remember you are background. Do not call attention to yourself. Keep your movements at a minimum, even your facial expressions.
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HIT YOUR MARK

One of the most important tips about film acting is “hitting your mark.” It can also be the hardest part to learn. Unless you’re in film that’s being shot with a handheld camera that is following you around, you will need to learn this important skill.
Before cameras begin to roll, your spot for the scene will be marked on the floor, usually in a n X or T formation with some glaring piece of colored tape. When you enter the scene, your job is not only to walk directly to that spot and stay put or you’ll wander off screen and make the director very unhappy. On top of that you need to look natural doing it! See why it’s hard? If you have a video camera and tripod, try setting up shots for yourself at home as practice.
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ON BEING "NORMAL"

Film acting is very appealing to many performers because it allows them to be “normal.” There is no need for over-the-top physicality as stage acting requires. Sets are actual places, not made of wood and canvas. There is no immediate audience; your only concern are your scene partners. (Of course, you have tons of crew, equipment, lights and camera in your face, but when you’re living in a scene, these factors all away.) Actors are able to delve into the roles they play as though putting on the suit of another person’s body. When they appear in front of the camera, they are not acting the characteristics of that person, they are that person. Actually, it’s the most abnormal thing an individual can be! There can be a danger in this dissolution of self into the role you are playing. Remember that once the cameras stop rolling, you have a life – your own life. You must respect it and take care of yourself. If you don’t, you will inevitably be unable to tap into your resources to bring life to future characters you play since there won’t be anything there to tap into.
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PULLING BACK

There is a misunderstanding about what it means to “pull back” in film acting. Let's clarify: by no means does it refer to lowering your energy or the strength of your character on screen. It does, however, refer to pulling back on your physical gestures. Watching someone wriggling around gesticulating wildly is more than distracting on screen. If you must move, make sure your movements are in-character and germane to the scene. Even if your character has a twitch, choreograph it so that you are not distracting from the other actors who share the scene with you.
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SAG

SAG is the Screen Actors Guild – the union for professional screen actors. In order to join SAG, you must have performed in a SAG film, television program, videotape, or commercial. You can also join by having worked as background on a SAG film as long as you were paid SAG rates and worked a minimum of three consecutive days. Members of affiliated performers’ unions such as ACTRA, AEA, AFTRA, AGMA or AGVA can also apply for membership once they have been in their union for one year in good standing (i.e., paid dues) and worked at least once as a principal (lead role) on-screen or in voice-over work. Rates and benefits of being a SAG member can be found on their website atwww.sag.org.
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SHHHH!

When you are on stage, projecting your voice is essential. On film, however, the set is full of audio recording devices from lav mics to booms – all designed to pick up your tiniest finger-tap. A dead giveaway that an actor has transitioned from stage to screen with no additional training is when s/he appears to be yelling lines. There is no need. In fact, film is designed to be true to life, so the same vocal level you use to talk to anyone in your daily life is the same you’d use on a film set.

ACTING FOR THE HORROR GENRE

ACTING FOR THE HORROR GENRE

ACTING HORROR

Serious horror films require just as much preparation for a role as other genres. It's imperative that the audience believes in the world of the film. The believability of your character is an integral portion of that believable world.
Do your research. Ask yourself the following: What lies at the emotional core of your character? What motivates him/her? Why does he do the actions s/he does (pay particular attention to scenes where s/he puts him/herself in danger)?
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ACTING WITH BLOOD...AND OTHER SCARY THINGS

Remember that any horror film you are acting in is a world that needs to come across as believable. True, it's not every day that you might get stabbed in the heart or have your friend's head fall in your lap, but it is your job as an actor to make these moments as real as possible.
You may wish to take a few moments before filming a particularly gory scene to meditate on the darkness of what is about to occur. Imagine what it might be like to step onto that set and actually lose your life...or see someone else lose his/hers.
Once that meditation has ended, however, forget it. You don't want to anticipate the dramatic moments once the cameras are rolling. Trust that the energy you called up during meditation will resurface when the time is right.
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HORROR ACTING: CALM BEFORE THE STORM

One of the biggest elements of horror films is the shock factor. As an actor, you can learn to use this convention to your advantage. In most horror films, there is a scene that seems relatively benign, or a scene that begins calmly. Don't ignore the importance of this peacefulness. If anything, you should play the calmness to its fullest potential. The calmer you are in the scene, the bigger the pay-off will be when the shocking action occurs.
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HOW TO SCREAM

Believe it or not, many actors have a terrible time screaming convincingly. Acting in horror films almost always requires some sort of noise of distress at some point or another...usually it comes in the form of a scream. Here are a few tips to make yours a better one.

The Warm-up:

  1. Go far away from other people.
  2. Take a deep breath through your nose, filling your lungs. Feel your diaphragm lower.
  3. Drop your jaw open.
  4. Exhale through your mouth in one long forceful (but silent) ha-aaa.
  5. Repeat two or three times.

The Scream:

  1. Go far away from other people.
  2. Take a deep breath through your nose, filling your lungs. Feel your diaphragm lower.
  3. Drop your jaw open.
  4. Exhale through your mouth in one long forceful (but silent) ha-aaa.
  5. Repeat two or three times.
An important note: Screaming is very bad for your vocal cords. Be sure to drink fluids (preferably warm) before and after you need to scream.
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PLAYING DEAD

Nothing ruins the magic of a horror film than being able to see the dead guy breathing. It happens, though. After long hours and many takes, the actor playing the newly-killed often is not aware when the camera is on him. Something as small as a breath can ruin the integrity of the entire film. Should you have to die in a film, here's how to make sure you are not the cause of the film's demise:
  • Always know when the camera is rolling, and when you are in the shot.
  • When your "body" is part of the scene and the scene's length is too long for you to hold your breath, take slow, shallow breaths.
  • Stay focused on keeping your breathing in your neck and throat. Of course, your lungs will be working, but this visualization on your part will help keep your chest cavity from moving.
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SUSPENSE & PSYCHOLOGICAL THRILLERS

Suspense films and psychological thrillers require a bit more subtlety than horror acting. Much of the time, the very nature of a horror film is to go over-the-top with fantastical elements and gore. Your acting can and should stay true to the feel of the film itself.
In suspense and thrillers, what frightens the audience is not the shock value of blood and guts, but the deeper fear hidden within our own minds. Investigate the deeper essences of our character and look in particular for pockets of fear in him/her that you can bring to your portrayal. Find his/her neuroses and discover where in the film they can be played for maximum benefit.
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USING YOUR IMAGINATION

Oftentimes, actors need to act opposite things that are not there. This is particularly true for horror films that may have CGIs (Computer Generated Images) as monsters. In these scenes, you must rely on your imagination to create your scene partner.
As the director of the film to give you an idea of what this creature will look like. Try to get a hold of some sketches or models so that you have a better idea of how to react to it on-screen. The more you know about the creature, the more realistically you can react to it (or where it will later be placed by the film's graphics team).

ACTING FOR THE DRAMA GENRE

ACTING FOR THE DRAMA GENRE

ACTING IN SOAP OPERAS

In the old days, soap opera acting was synonymous with cheesy acting. Crying women, brooding men... Some soap operas do still hold that honor, but most have begin to hire actors who can bring a bit of reality to their roles.
Think of a soap opera as real life with the intensity knob turned up a few notches. In a moment of conflict, don't go overboard with your emotion, but simply intensify it. Audiences thrill at living through their favorite characters vicariously. The more vivid your emotions, the more you give your fans something to experience and enjoy.
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DRAMA SCHOOLS

Drama schools focus on the development of acting technique, usually focusing on work in the theater. Although the work is performance based, students typically also learn about stage craft. Classes on set building, lighting design, and even dramatic writing are often offered so that students get a well-rounded education.
Because they are so specialized, they tend to have a highly competitive admissions process. Applicants must submit to an audition process before they are granted admission. Previous school transcripts can also be taken in to consideration, as well as any previous professional experience in the field. Take time to prepare your audition materials as well as your curriculum vitae in order to present a professional package to the admissions board.
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EXERCISE: PLAYING FOR STATUS

Status is a huge part of acting technique. Much of human interaction can be broken down in to shifting issues of status. During the course of a normal conversation, a person's status may shift from high to low, and back again, depending on the topic of the conversation.
Be conscious of your body language. What kind of status is your body projecting? You should also take note of the timbre of your voice. Is it clear and confident or low and quavering? These factors help determine your status in a scene, and thereby establish your position and goals within it.
Try this: You and your scene partner take one card each from a deck of cards. Do not share the number you have. Begin a scene you are working on. The higher your number, the higher status you should play. Once the scene is finished, compare numbers to see how accurate your portrayal was.
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MANTRAS IN DRAMA

A simple strategy for creating honest drama is through the use of mantras. This is often referred to as the subtext in a scene. In other words, it's not what you're saying to the other character(s), but rather what is going on in your mind behind the words , as it were.
In order to make subtext work for you, while you are acting in a scene, recite an appropriate phrase over and over again in your head. For example, if you are playing in a scene that involves a fight, you may want to try reciting, "I hate you," in your head during the scene. This subtext mantra will subconsciously affect your performance, making it seem more natural.
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THE ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

The primary elements of drama are theme, plot, and character.
Theme: The central idea of the work, or the message the writer wishes to impart on the audience. The theme governs the progression of the plot.
Plot: The storyline, or the "what happens" of the piece. Plot governs the characters actions and emotions.
Character: The players in the piece. They move through the plot's conflicts, thereby helping to further develop the theme.
Other elements such as irony and symbolism can be added to lend more subtle touches to the drama, making it more human and accessible.
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WHAT IS DRAMA?

The definition of drama is a piece that involves plot and characters that are governed by a certain overriding theme. Your job as an actor is to investigate and understand this theme. Work within the themes of the drama and let it flow through you and the relationships that you build with other characters. Once you have thoroughly read the piece, discuss the stage- or screenplay with your fellow actors, the director or the dramaturg, if one is available. Developing a sense of unity concerning the motivations of each character will help round out the production as a whole.
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YOU ARE NOT YOUR CHARACTER

There is a saying in drama: Leave your personal problems at the stage door. In other words, don't let your current mood affect your performance. You are not your character.
While on stage or in front of the camera, you are the character you are playing, not the other way around. Although you and presumably your character are both human beings, your feelings must be put on hold in order to give precedence to what your character is feeling. When you are no longer in character, try to patiently observe your own feelings so that you can call upon them to breathe life into your future roles.

ACTING FOR THE COMEDY GENRE


ACTING FOR THE COMEDY GENRE

COMEDY IS HARD WORK

Acting in a comedy is harder than it may seem. One of the key elements of comedic acting is not to "milk the audience" for a laugh. You may have a brilliantly funny script to work from, but if you play the scenes as though a laugh is going to come at any moment, you will certainly kill the spontaneity of the world you have created.
In order to avoid giving the joke(s) away too soon, actors need to stay focused on each moment as it unfolds. Trust that the playwright has orchestrated his/her scenes so that the humor will be seen (and heard) in them.
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DON'T BE FUNNY

How do you deliver a funny line? Don't be funny.
We've all seen actors trying too hard to squeeze very last bit of humor out of one line just to be sure s/he gets the laugh. Or worse, an actor delivers a line then waits for the laugh s/he is positive will follow. (You can almost hear the crickets chirping in the silence.) You can avoid this by staying true to the world of the scene at hand.
Rule of Comedy: If you believe it, the laughs will come.
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HOW TO LAUGH

For some actors laughing on cue can be just as daunting a task as crying on cue. Here are a few tips on how to laugh effectively:
First and foremost, keep your attention on the scene and on your partner. If you are truly engrossed in the moment of the scene, the laugh will come organically.
Think of the kind of laugh required for the moment. What size or type of laugh is an appropriate reaction to the situation? Sometimes a little chuckle is far more effective than a belly laugh. Although a seemingly inappropriate laugh may work as well, particularly if you are acting in a comedy.
Be aware of the what the mood of the scene is and decide how your character would honestly react. After that, forget about it. Let the moment carry you through.
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IMPROV COMEDY

Improvisational comedy is often a misnomer. When acting in Improv comedy, actors don't set out to come up with the wittiest line or out-joke his/her scene partners. In both short- and long-form Improvs, the basic idea is to take a subject or scenario (often given by an audience member) and create a scene based on the reality of the moments that unfold once the scene has begun.
Much like real life, actors do not approach the scenes with the desire to make everyone around them laugh, but if the scene is played organically, humorous moments do arise more often than not. The goal is to play the scene with honesty.
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PHYSICAL HUMOR

One of the oldest comedic traditions is physical comedy. Here, not only language is used to make audiences laugh, but the body is used in ways that evoke humor. Sadly, this often involves some unfortunate event for the comedian such as falling down or sustaining some other bodily mishap.
Vaudeville comedians were masters of this type of humor. Film comedians of note like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, and Harold Lloyd were masters of physical comedy. Today, physical comedians are not as prominent, but actors like Jim Carrey have carried on the tradition.
If you choose to study physical comedy, be aware that learning the skill effectively is as complex as learning stage combat. Looking like you've been hurt (or blinded by a cream pie) without actually being that way is a fine art that takes years of training and practice.
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THE MUSE OF COMEDY

Everyone loves to laugh. It's no wonder then that in the line-up of the original Nine Muses of the arts and sciences was Thaleia (or Thalia), the Muse of Comedy. That's how important comedy is!
Thaleia and her sisters were the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (the Titan goddess of memory and language). Thaleia herself appears with the comic mask, a shepherd's staff, or a wreath of ivy. The Muses are said to be inspiring nymphs; writers and performers called upon them to give them strength and inspiration to create their art.
Today, the Muses are still worshipped, if only in general invocation! Still, if you're a comedian, Thaleia may appreciate some special attention. She's a fan of offerings of water, milk, and honey. Put some out before your next Neil Simon production.
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TYPES OF COMEDY

The word “comedy” comes from the Greek word komos which means celebration or merrymaking. It may or may not imply that a situation is funny. Mostly, it focuses on a conflict that escalates, but which in the end has a happy ending. When you study comedy, there are several subdivisions you may encounter. Here are a few:
Farce: A high-energy dramatic-comedic piece with improbable situations, exaggeration, and oftentimes playful roughhousing.
Imbroglio: A comedy that grows out of a character's attempt to solve a specific problem. Typically, the journey toward the solution becomes a comedy of errors that leads the hero into deeper entanglements, but the conclusion ends up happily.
Black comedy: Comedy (usually a social commentary) that tests good taste and moral tolerability by juxtaposing dark elements of human nature with comical ones.
Pantomime: Mainly designed for children, this musical drama dance, mime, puppetry, slapstick, and melodrama are combined to produce an entertaining and comic theatrical experience. In Europe and the UK, these “pantos” are performed around the holidays.

Going from Good Acting to Great

Going from Good Acting to Great

  
Unfortunately the word “great” has become so trivialized from careless overuse that it’s lost all its energy. However, to me it still means splendid, awe-inspiring, and beyond talent and into genius. Therefore moving into “great acting” is the equivalent of climbing Everest–difficult, but it can be done.
While clearing out paleolithic e-mail I unearthed this note. Six years later, the content is still intriguing, an attempt to define something we may only sense:
“Something wonderful happened in my audition. Remember you said you felt I was holding myself back? Something snapped and I couldn’t stuff myself back in the box if I wanted to. It feels great.”
Fast forward six years to this month. “Bob,” an adult newcomer to acting, is reviewing his monologue with me. “I know I can do better. I just can’t seem to let go,” he says.
Bob’s “letting go” equals the 1999 e-mail reference to “holding back.” When asked what he would do differently if he “let go,” Bob’s answer showed profound self-awareness: “I’d quit thinking about myself. In the middle of my monologue I started thinking, ‘What I am doing here? Do I really think I can be an actor? Am I crazy?’”
What is “Holding Back”? Or its opposite “Letting Go”?
How many times have we said, “That didn’t feel quite right”? Perhaps “not quite right” was the result of holding back.
It’s difficult to describe what holding back feels like–maybe like a cocoon separating you the actor from total you the actor. Or perhaps it feels like a self-imposed barrier separating adequate, OK, competent from mesmerizing, volcanic, meteoric. In simple terms, perhaps it is an awareness that you can give more in a line or even in the entire role.
How do you know if you have more to give? The inner being, the performing self knows. If you ask yourself the question, “Am I holding back,” the answer will most likely be “Yes, indeed.” The question is the answer!
If you say, “I know I can do better,” you are right. The actor himself recognizes his own holding back. Trust your intuition. In this area do not rely on friends’ and family’s ego stroking. Rely on the still voice of your internal talent, which is demanding to be loosened from your self-imposed limitations.
Why Do We Hold Back?
There are numerous reasons why we do not let go, why we are stuck in good and cannot move into great.
One of the main causes is precisely what Bob described. We lack focus. We allow the mind to doubt, question, and wander while in the middle of saying a line. Acting requires focus and focus requires discipline and discipline, ironically, is the beginning of letting go.
Holding back has many other causes: fear, lack of imagination, lack of respect for acting as an art, laziness, cowardice, not knowing that there is such a thing as “letting go,” willingness to “settle” for good or mediocre or competent or embarrassing rather than demand the totality of your talent. Lack of pride. Willing to be so-so rather than the best. Dilettantism.
Examples of Those Who Never Held Back
In order to let go, you have to know that letting go exists. Perhaps you need to see someone who did not hold back. I was lucky to have seen the greatest example at age 17.
Maria Callas, a controversial opera singer, was once the most famous singer in the world, scorned or adored, but never ignored! Her daring theatrics while singing sent shivers up your spine. She performed way out there at the edge. She dared and occasionally fell on her face.
As a voice student I heard her in Lucia di Lammermoor. Lucia (Callas) descends the wide curving staircase in her blood-splattered white gown, clutching the knife she used to kill her bridegroom. Callas gets to the final high E flat of Lucia’s famous “Mad Scene,” the one note the audience has waited for the entire evening. The cadenza ends. The E flat looms. Callas goes for it.
Her voice cracks.
Some of the audience boos. La Diva Callas steps to the edge of the stage, flays the audience with a look of utter scorn, repeats Lucia’s final cadenza and blasts out an E Flat that toppled buildings in Nevada. That was my introduction to the alpha and omega of not holding back. What was behind that rescued E Flat? PRIDE. COURAGE.
Remember the hypnotism of those old-time traveling preachers who could turn sensible people into hollering praise-the-Lord converts? Those preachers–charlatans or angels–did not hold back. Neither did Louis Armstrong going for that top note, Van Gogh swirling in a madness of color, Tina Turner strutting energy, Janis Joplin’s ironic gutsy raspy self. Letting go is controlled uncontrol. These are masters.
Steps in Letting Go
First comes courageous self-examination of your potential. A director may order louder, faster. But loud/soft-fast/slow relate to variety, not to letting go.
Variety, in all its variations, is a technique. Letting go is an attitude.
Next comes the courage to want to give more. We must dare to go from OK to better and then after better must come the courage to make the Grand Canyon leap into “best.” Having embraced the need to let go, next comes a grocery list of basics:
(1) have a polished technique,
(2) intelligently and imaginatively explore the script, remembering the powerful word “variety”
(3) diligently over-memorize the lines,
(4) discover a “competent” (believable) delivery that does not sound actory.
(5) search for every possible line reading and opt for the most interesting delivery, given the context of the scene.
(6) over-prepare and tune yourself up into a bundle of energy.
(7) insist that you have the right to be great but that right is not given–it is earned.
A major step in letting go involves Bob’s need to “focus.” He logically asked, “So what do I focus on, myself? The character?” No, no and another no. Focus on the words. If you focus solely on the words you are speaking and the pictures they create then it is impossible to start questioning your ability!
In other articles we have written about not focusing on character or on your own feelings. That focus perpetuates the self-doubts. Focus on the words. The words do the emotional work for you. They bring up remembered pictures and pictures bring up the emotions, leaving you focused not on you but on the words and pictures. My sports fan husband says it is called “in the zone.”
The final step in letting go requires common sense. Just go for broke. What is there to lose? If you are over the top, your coach or your director will pull you back. “Go for it” creates another way to break out of the self-created cocoon.
Before you perform or audition, picture something full of energy and light. My own favorite is the brightest star in the heavens: Sirius. Some actors envision a comet or meteor, some a sun spot, some the July 4th fireworks–whatever says “energy” to you.
A HUGE CAVEAT:
Letting go does not mean self-indulgent, uncontrolled, chaotic solipsism. In time, your intuition (or your director) will find a balance between giving all and going nuts.
The Reason to Let Go
Letting go is what performing is about. Being a “great actor” is not merely the thrill of being in the spotlight or on camera or the applause or the recognition or even the money. It is about the joy of being totally alive during performance.
There are two lines from a Yeats’ poem that come closest to describing-if not defining-my point:
O body swayed to music, O brightening glance,
How can we know the dancer from the dance?
The dancer and the dance, the actor and the role. Try it. But only after all the preparation, the analysis, the studying, the experimentation, the control, the technique–all of these things, plus the still silent center — these are part of you as an actor. They are all necessary in order to let go and be a great actor. Not good. Great.
- See more at: http://actortips.com/tips-on-going-from-good-acting-to-great/#sthash.JdDWwRrt.dpuf

Do You Have What it Takes To Be An Actor?

Do You Have What it Takes To Be An Actor?

  
Many readers have e-mailed variations of “How can I tell if I have what it takes?”
First, a warning: be very clear not to confuse this question with “How do I know if I will be a success?” “Have what it takes” refers to ability to act. Ability may or may not lead to success.
A story before we dive into “what it takes” vs. “success.”
A young child raised in the rural south dreamed of singing opera. Life just didn’t quite work out that way. But the dream persisted and the self yearned to sing its song. Then, years later all alone in a spotlight on a darkened Off-Broadway stage, sitting on a “boulder” night after night, she sang an exquisite song about the birds in Ireland. The dream was filled. The self was filled. No, not Casta Diva or Lucia’s Mad Scene. But her song. The idea of “success” was not compromised. It was just allowed to change. Let the self dictate the meaning of success. Not money and fame but the joy of the action.
The simple truth is you can’t tell if you have the ability. To repeat what has been said in these articles a dozen times: talent is not the sole element that determines success. You may have enough talent to be an actor, but even great talent cannot guarantee success.
Success is a fickle mistress. There are many working or even wealthy actors who really cannot act. There are many brilliant actors who never get work. The most anyone can say is that there are basics that are usually required in order to be an actor.
If this sounds like hedging, you are absolutely right. Why? Most of us are not going to make the Fortune 500 list by acting. Statistically the odds are stacked against anyone becoming a star, or even making a good living in this profession. Yes, we all know inspiring success-against-all-odds stories. But we know those stories precisely because they are the exceptions.
Wisdom dictates that if there is anything else in the world that interests you, then do that instead of acting. If on the other hand, acting is a passion, something you must do, then you almost have no choice. Let the joy of acting be the payment, if you never sign a million dollar film contract. Money almost doesn’t matter if the passion for the art is a volcano.
After all that tip-toeing, let’s now look at what I personally think it takes to be an actor. (Remember, this is just one person’s opinion.)
1. A GOOD EAR
Yes, to me this is the most important requirement. In order to make a sentence that someone else wrote sound real, an actor must be able to hear what people sound like when they talk naturally.
A good ear will eventually pull you up and whisper, “Hey, that sounds actory. This line needs to be said in a different way.” Yes, yes we all know about dipping inside oneself to search for emotions. But some of the best “dippers” do not sound real.
Sounding real demands a good ear and the good sense to know when what you have said doesn’t sound “right.” The minute a student says to me, “That didn’t sound right,” then I know there is hope that that person has the ability to become a good actor.
2. THE ABILITY TO READ, AND AN ACTIVE IMAGINATION
No, no, no–not read “Pat the Fat Cat” or “War and Peace.” The reading referred to here consists of seeing implications when you read, of seeing what a character is really like–based on evidence from the script, text, book. Learn to read!
Become dedicated to reading the words, phrases, the text and mining them for the gold that is there. Too many times we bump into an unknown word in the script and do not bother looking it up. Too many titles or even the names of characters are not Googled.
Subtleties are lost because a reader/actor without a knowledge of plays, poems, myth, novels, satire, allusions, themes, imagery, language connotations cannot deliver a line with all the undercurrents in his voice. Something as basic as parallels and opposites are missed, leading to misdelivery of a line. The inability to read/understand a line inevitably leads to a superficial line reading. Every day you hear on TV, on film, in rehearsals, in performances, an emphasis on the wrong word, the direct result of not knowing what is being stated in the text. Learn to read. Learn to research.
The very best undergrad training for an actor is to major in English and minor in drama. Your advanced courses in literature will both teach you about people and about feelings AND teach you how to read the undercurrents of what is not being written. Poetry will heighten your sense of language and rhythm, two essentials for an actor. The imagination, loosened by lots of reading, then helps you to see new possibilities in the meaning and delivery of a line in a script. Reading for implications, reading beneath the surface, stretches the imagination.
3. THE ABILITY TO HANDLE REJECTION
Depression, rejection, and insecurity reign in this profession. We do not get up every morning and have a secure job to go to. Some people thrive on that freedom and luxuriate in that insecurity. Most of us don’t.
So we need to have or to be taught to find a still, solid, total belief in self. Ego. Confidence. Self-assurance. Presence. Call it what you wish. But to survive we must have some shield to protect us from the constant rejection. The difficulty is to stay in touch with the inner self while protecting that inner self from attack in the form of rejection.
We have written many times of the need for energy, joy, vitality–all these find their roots in a solid ego. That ego, that belief in self, is the third element in the triad which determines if one has what it takes to be an actor.
GRAB BAG REQUIREMENTS:
These are almost self-explanatory, but deserve mentioning.
Be reliable (on time for appointments, interviews, auditions, rehearsals).
Be responsible (memorize your lines).
Learn to control your temper. In other words, be pleasant in spite of…
Don’t be “high maintenance.”
Take care of your health.
Eat and sleep properly.
Get out of relationships that drain and destroy. If your parents are sore spots, get over it.
If there are physical things about yourself which you don’t like, fix them or learn to live with them gracefully. Get in touch with your intuition and learn to trust it. Get good training and if the class or teacher makes you feel awful, get out of it!
Surround yourself with people who have hope and happiness.
Develop the traits mentioned above and you increase the possibilities of being a success because you have what it takes.
Well, as the great American philosopher Porky Pig said, “That’s all, folks!” Now who would have thought a stuttering pig would become a star????
- See more at: http://actortips.com/do-you-have-what-it-takes-to-be-an-actor/#sthash.dgYyHkSZ.dpuf